| Bengal Engineer Group | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1803–Present |
| Country | India |
| Branch | Corps of Engineers |
| Role | Support |
| Regimental Centre | Roorkee, Uttarakhand |
| Motto | God's Own |
| Anniversaries | November 7 |
| Decorations | 11 Victoria Cross 116 Indian Order of Merit 1 Padma Bhushan 17 Shaurya Chakra 93 Sena Medals 11 Arjun Award |
| Battle honours | 80 11 Theatre honours |
The Bengal Engineer Group (BEG) or the Bengal Sappers or Bengal Engineers as they are informally known, are remnants of British Indian Army's Bengal Army of the Bengal Presidency in British India; now a regiment of the Corps of Engineers in the Indian Army. The Bengal Sappers have their regimental centre at Roorkee Cantonment in Haridwar district, Uttarakhand. The Bengal Sappers are one of the few remaining regiments of the erstwhile Bengal Presidency Army and survived the Mutiny due to their sterling work in the recapture of Delhi and other operations in 1857–58. The troops of the Bengal Sappers have been a familiar sight for over 200 years in the battlefields of British India with their never-say-die attitude of Chak De and brandishing their favourite tool the hamber.[1][2][3]
Over the years the Bengal Sappers have won many battle and theatre honours, 11 Victoria Cross, 116 Indian Order of Merit, 17 Shaurya Chakra, 93 Sena Medals and 11 Arjun Awards, the highest number of won by any single organization in the country.[1][4] Lt Gen Joginder Singh Dhillon, commissioned into Bengal Engineer Group in 1936, who commanded the First Republic Day Parade in Delhi, became the first Army Officer to be awarded the Padma Bhushan on 24 November 1965.[5] Among the three Sappers of Indian Army, Bengal Sappers was the first Engineer Group to receive the 'President Colours' in recognition of its service to the nation, on January 12, 1989, by R Venkataraman, the then President of India, who presented the Regimental Colours to Bengal Engineer Group at Roorkee.[3]
Besides service on the battlefield, the Bengal Engineers also rendered valuable peacetime contributions. The military engineer, Lt. James Agg, designed St John's Church in Calcutta. It was based on James Gibbs's St Martin-in-the-Fields in London and was consecrated in 1787.[6]
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Indian Army Corps of Engineers is one of the oldest arms of the Indian Army, dating back to 1780, when the two regular pioneer companies of the Madras Sappers were raised, as a part of British East India Company army.[7] Prior to its formation, by 1740s British officers and engineers served in the Bengal Engineers, Bombay Engineers and Madras Engineers, formed with the respective Presidency armies, while British soldiers served in each of the Presidencies' Sappers and Miner Companies, namely Bengal Sappers and Miners, Madras Sappers and Miners and Bombay Sappers and Miners.[8][9]
The Bengal Sappers and Miners, as they were earlier known, was originally the Corps of Bengal Pioneers, which was raised from two pioneer companies in 1803, part of Bengal Army of the Presidency of Bengal; one raised by Capt T. Wood at Kanpur as Bengal Pioneers in November 1803,[2] also known as "Roorkee Safar Maina".[10] In 1819, at the conclusion of Third Maratha War, a part of Bengal Pioneers merged with the Company of Miners (raised in 1808) to become the Bengal Sappers and Miners, and raised at Allahabad, with Captain Thomas Anburey as the Commandant. The remaining part of the Corps of Bengal Pioneers was absorbed in 1833.[2] In 1843 'Broadfoot's Sappers', which had been raised in 1840, merged into the Bengal Sappers and Miners.
In 1847 the Bengal Sappers and Miners was renamed the Bengal Sappers and Pioneers, and in 1851 it became the Corps of Bengal Sappers and Miners. On November 7, 1853, the regiment moved to Roorkee, where it has maintained its regimental centre ever since.[11] Lord Kitchener's reforms in 1903 saw it redesignated as the 1st Sappers and Miners, which was again altered in 1906 to the 1st Prince of Wales's Own Sappers and Miners.
On the accession of George V to the throne in 1910 it was renamed 1st King George V's Own Bengal Sappers and Miners,[12] with the '1st' being dropped in 1923, to make it King George V's Own Bengal Sappers and Miners. In 1937 it was renamed King George V's Bengal Sappers and Miners, and in 1941 they became the 'King George V's Bengal Sappers and Miners Group' of the Indian Engineers. In 1946 it became the 'King George V's Group' of the Royal Indian Engineers. On Indian independence and partition in 1947, about half of the serving personnel were allocated to the Pakistan Royal Engineers. In 1950 they became the Bengal Centre, Corps of Engineers, after which they became the Bengal Engineer Group and Centre.[13]
| Name | Event | Date of action | Place of action |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duncan Home | Indian Mutiny | 14 September 1857 | Delhi, India |
| James Innes | Indian Mutiny | 28 February 1858 | Sultanpore, India [18] |
| Philip Salkeld | Indian Mutiny | 14 September 1857 | Delhi, India[19] |
| John Smith | Indian Mutiny | 14 September 1857 | Delhi, India [20] |
| Edward Thackeray | Indian Mutiny | 16 September 1857 | Delhi, India |
| William Trevor | Anglo-Bhutanese War | 30 April 1865 | Dewangiri, Deothang, Bhutan |
| James Dundas | Anglo-Bhutanese War | 30 April 1865 | Dewangiri, Deothang, Bhutan |
| Edward Leach | Second Afghan War | 17 March 1879 | Khyber Pass, Afghanistan [21] |
| Fenton Aylmer | Hunza-Naga Campaign | 2 December 1891 | Nilt Fort, British India [21][22] |
| James Colvin | First Mohmand Campaign | 16 September 1897 | Bilot, British India [23] |
| Thomas Watson | First Mohmand Campaign | 16 September 1897 | Bilot, British India [24] |
Short Histories:
First World War:
Second World War: